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Table of Contents

    • About the Author
    • Dedication
    • Acknowledgments
    • Preface
    • Part 1Descriptive Statistics
    • 1Introduction to the Study of Statistics
      • 1.1Getting the Most from the Book
      • 1.2Overview of Topics
      • 1.3Descriptive Statistics
    • 2Variables and Their Distributions

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      • 2.1Variables and Their Characteristics

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      • 2.2Summary Statistics

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      • 2.3Presenting Distributions in Tables and Graphs

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      • 2.4A Final Comment on Conventions for Graphing

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      • 2.5Summary

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      • 2.6End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 3Measures of Properties of Distributions

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      • 3.1Differences between Distributions

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      • 3.2Measures of Central Tendency

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      • 3.3Measures of Dispersion

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      • 3.4Measures of Shape

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      • 3.5Effects of Variable Transformations

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      • 3.6Summary

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      • 3.7End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • Part 2Foundations of Inferential Statistics

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    • 4Introduction to Probability

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      • 4.1Sampling Observations from Populations

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      • 4.2Why Probability?

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      • 4.3Some Basic Concepts in Probability Theory

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      • 4.4The Multiplicative Law for Joint Events

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      • 4.5The Additive Law for Compound Events

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      • 4.6Some Integrative Problems

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      • 4.7Summary

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      • 4.8End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 5The Normal Distribution: Theoretical Foundations

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      • 5.1The Normal Distribution

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      • 5.2The Normal Distribution as the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean

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      • 5.3Summary

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      • 5.4End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • Part 3Analyzing Means

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    • 6Inferential Procedures Based on the Normal Distribution

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      • 6.1The Steps and Logic of Hypothesis Testing

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      • 6.2Estimating the Size of an Effect with Cohen’s d

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      • 6.3Confidence Intervals

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      • 6.4Summary

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      • 6.5End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 7The Power of a Hypothesis Test

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      • 7.1Power

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      • 7.2Factors Influencing Power

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      • 7.3Relationships among the Procedures

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      • 7.4Summary

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      • 7.5End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 8Student’s t for Inferences about a Single Mean

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      • 8.1The t Distribution as the Sampling Distribution of the t-Statistic

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      • 8.2Testing Hypotheses about a Single Mean

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      • 8.3Estimating Effect Size with Cohen’s d

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      • 8.4Confidence Interval Estimates of the Value of a Population Mean

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      • 8.5Summary

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      • 8.6End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 9Student’s t for Inferences about the Difference between Two Means

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      • 9.1Alternative Ways to Design Two-Sample Studies

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      • 9.2Matched Samples Design

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      • 9.3Independent Samples Design

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      • 9.4Matched or Independent Samples?

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      • 9.5A Guide to Selecting among Procedures for Analyzing Means

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      • 9.6Summary

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      • 9.7End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • Part 4Analyzing Variance

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    • 10One-Factor Analysis of Variance

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      • 10.1Analyzing Variance to Answer Questions about Means

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      • 10.2The F Distribution

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      • 10.3The Analysis of Variance

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      • 10.4The Magnitude of the Effect

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      • 10.5Multiple Comparisons

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      • 10.6Summary

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      • 10.7End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 11Two-Factor Analysis of Variance

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      • 11.1Why Two Factors?

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      • 11.2The Analysis of Variance

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      • 11.3Understanding the Results

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      • 11.4Effect Size

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      • 11.5Multiple Comparisons

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      • 11.6Summary

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      • 11.7End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • Part 5Analyzing Frequencies

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    • 12Using the Chi-Square Distribution to Analyze Frequencies

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      • 12.1The Chi-Square Distribution

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      • 12.2The Goodness of Fit Test

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      • 12.3The Test of Association

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      • 12.4The Concept of Degrees of Freedom

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      • 12.5An Integrative Example

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      • 12.6Summary

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      • 12.7End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • Part 6Bivariate Distributions: Analyzing Relations between Variables

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    • 13Describing Bivariate Distributions

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      • 13.1Graphing Bivariate Distributions

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      • 13.2Describing Linear Trends

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      • 13.3Measuring the Fit of the Regression Line

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      • 13.4Some Useful Connections among Correlation and Regression Statistics

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      • 13.5Summary

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      • 13.6End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • 14Inferences about Correlation and Regression

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      • 14.1What Questions Might We Ask?

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      • 14.2Inferences about the Correlation between Two Variables in a Population

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      • 14.3Inferences about the Slope of the Population Regression Line, βy.x

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      • 14.4Interpreting Results

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      • 14.5Summary

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      • 14.6End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • AAn Introduction to SPSS

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      • A.1Overview of SPSS

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      • A.2Datasets

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    • BThe Research Study

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      • B.1Asking Questions

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      • B.2Who (or What) to Study?

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      • B.3Designing a Study

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      • B.4Analyzing the Results

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      • B.5Summary

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      • B.6End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • CIntegration and Application: Descriptive Statistics

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      • C.1When and Why Do We Use Descriptive Statistics?

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      • C.2Student Performances in a Statistics Course

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      • C.3Summary

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      • C.4End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • DIntegration and Application: Analyzing Means

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      • D.1Identifying What to Do When

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      • D.2Teaching Fourth Graders How to Design Simple Experiments

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      • D.3End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • EIntegration and Application: Analyzing Variance

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      • E.1Teaching Fourth Graders How to Design Simple Experiments, Again

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      • E.2Analyses

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      • E.3Summary and Conclusions

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      • E.4End-of-Chapter Exercises

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    • FIntegration and Application: Analyzing Relations between Variables

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      • F.1Student Performances in a Statistics Course

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      • F.2Plan for Analyses

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      • F.3Results

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      • F.4Summary

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      • F.5End-of-Chapter Exercises

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