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Table of Contents

    • About the Author
    • Acknowledgments
    • Preface
    • 1Introduction to Environmental Science: Sustainability
      • 1.1Earth’s Interconnected Systems Furnish Goods and Services
      • 1.2The Need for Environmental Science
      • 1.3Environmental Themes
      • 1.4A Look to the Future: New Approaches and the Arctic
      • 1.5References
    • 2Environmental Ethics, Law, and Policy

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      • 2.1Environmental Views and Attitudes of Influence

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      • 2.2Ethics of Consumption

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      • 2.3Corporate Ethics

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      • 2.4Policies and Laws

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      • 2.5Obstacles and Solutions for Creating a Sustainable Society

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      • 2.6A Look to the Future: Revisiting the Commons

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      • 2.7References

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    • 3Matter, Energy, and the Environment

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      • 3.1Atoms and Molecules

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      • 3.2All Forms of Energy Follow Natural Laws

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      • 3.3Environmental Structure and Energy Flow

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      • 3.4Biogeochemical Cycles

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      • 3.5Obstacles and Solutions For Society in Using Energy and Matter

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      • 3.6A Look to the Future: Society’s Efforts to Live Sustainably May Save San Diego’s Sea Turtles

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      • 3.7References

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    • 4Evolution, Populations, and Communities

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      • 4.1Evolution Is the Source of Biodiversity

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      • 4.2Interactions of Individuals Within Populations

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      • 4.3Growth of Populations

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      • 4.4Species Interactions Drive Community Structure

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      • 4.5Community Properties

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      • 4.6Obstacles and Solutions to Protecting Populations and Communities

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      • 4.7A Look to the Future: Predictions for the Flathead Lake Community

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      • 4.8References

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    • 5Ecosystems and Biomes

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      • 5.1Ecosystem Structure and Function

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      • 5.2Introduction to Biomes

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      • 5.3Terrestrial Biomes

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      • 5.4Aquatic Life Zones

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      • 5.5Ecosystem Change

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      • 5.6A Look to the Future: North America’s Continued Change

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      • 5.7References

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    • 6Human Populations

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      • 6.1Population Growth and the Environment’s Health

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      • 6.2Benefiting from Knowledge about Population Characteristics

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      • 6.3Biological Factors Affect Population Growth and Environmental Health

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      • 6.4Social and Cultural Factors Affect Population Growth

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      • 6.5Economic and Technological Factors Affect Population Growth Rate

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      • 6.6Political Factors Affect Population Growth Rate

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      • 6.7A Look to the Future: Revisiting the Opening Story—China in the Crosshairs

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      • 6.8References

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    • 7Preserving Biodiversity

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      • 7.1Defining Biodiversity

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      • 7.2Biodiversity Is Important

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      • 7.3Biodiversity Threats, Decline, and Extinction

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      • 7.4Saving Endangered Species and Preserving Biodiversity

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      • 7.5A Look to the Future: Expectations and Manatees

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      • 7.6References

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    • 8Agriculture, Food, and the Environment

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      • 8.1Agriculture, Food Security, and Nutrition

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      • 8.2Today’s Food Production Is Different from That of the Recent Past

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      • 8.3Healthy Soils Lead to Healthy Crops

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      • 8.4Environmental Problems of Farming

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      • 8.5Pests and Pesticides: Weighing the Pros and Cons

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      • 8.6Practicing Sustainable Agriculture

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      • 8.7A Look to the Future: Revisiting Apricot Lane Farms

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      • 8.8References

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    • 9Sustainable Management of Forests, Grasslands, and Protected Areas

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      • 9.1World Forests: Description, Problems, and Sustainable Management

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      • 9.2World Grasslands: Description, Problems, and Sustainable Management

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      • 9.3Wilderness and Wilderness Management

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      • 9.4National Parks and Preserves

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      • 9.5A Look to the Future: Sustainable Use of Forests and Grasslands

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      • 9.6References

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    • 10Water Resources

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      • 10.1Water Resources, an Introduction

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      • 10.2Important Uses of Water

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      • 10.3Overuse and Redistribution of Water

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      • 10.4Types and Effects of Water Pollution

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      • 10.5Water Management

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      • 10.6A Look to the Future: An Update on the Skokomish River

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      • 10.7References

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    • 11Air Quality, Climate Change, and Air Pollution

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      • 11.1Climate and Atmosphere Overview

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      • 11.2Global Climate Change

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      • 11.3Controls and Solutions to Climate Change

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      • 11.4Air Pollution Threatens Ecosystems and Society

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      • 11.5Cleaning Pollutants from the Air

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      • 11.6A Look to the Future: The Fate of Polar Bears

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      • 11.7References

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    • 12Geology and Mineral Resources

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      • 12.1Earth’s Dynamic Geologic Resources

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      • 12.2The Economics of Minerals and Other Geologic Resources

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      • 12.3The Effects of Mining Nonfuel Geologic Resources

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      • 12.4Sustainable Use of Geologic Resources

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      • 12.5Geological Hazards

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      • 12.6A Look to the Future: Revisiting Crater of Diamonds State Park

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      • 12.7References

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    • 13Nonrenewable Energy Sources

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      • 13.1Overview of Nonrenewable Energy Resources

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      • 13.2Coal, the Pros and Cons

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      • 13.3Oil, the Pros and Cons

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      • 13.4Natural Gas, the Pros and Cons

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      • 13.5Nuclear Energy, the Pros and Cons

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      • 13.6A Look to the Future: Lessons Learned from the Deepwater Horizon

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      • 13.7References

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    • 14Renewable Energy Sources

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      • 14.1The Value of Renewable Energy

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      • 14.2Biomass (Bioenergy), the Pros and Cons

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      • 14.3Solar Energy, the Pros and Cons

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      • 14.4Hydropower, the Pros and Cons

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      • 14.5Geothermal Energy, the Pros and Cons

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      • 14.6Wind Energy, the Pros and Cons

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      • 14.7A Look to the Future: Moving Toward Sustainable Use of Energy

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      • 14.8References

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    • 15Environmental Health and Toxicology

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      • 15.1Environmental Health and Types of Hazards

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      • 15.2Toxicology and the Threat of Toxic Agents on Human Health

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      • 15.3Movement, Distribution, and Fate of Toxic Chemicals in the Environment

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      • 15.4Biological Hazards

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      • 15.5Risk Assessment and Management

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      • 15.6A Look to the Future: Environmental Injustice and the Likelihood of Future Pandemics

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      • 15.7References

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    • 16Solid and Hazardous Waste

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      • 16.1Society’s Waste

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      • 16.2Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)

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      • 16.3Industrial Solid Waste

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      • 16.4Hazardous Waste

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      • 16.5A Look to the Future: Saving the Oceans from Plastic Waste

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      • 16.6References

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    • 17Sustainable Community Development and Urbanization

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      • 17.1Urbanization Dynamics

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      • 17.2Urban Sprawl

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      • 17.3Strategies for Developing Sustainable Communities and Cities

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      • 17.4A Look to the Future: Urbanization Trends, Poverty, and Environmental Degradation

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      • 17.5References

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    • 18Sustainable Economics

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      • 18.1The Economic Value of the Environment

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      • 18.2The Cost of Environmental Degradation

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      • 18.3Developing a Sustainable Economy

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      • 18.4A Look to the Future: Fully Adopting Sustainable Economics

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      • 18.5References

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