The FlatWorld Handbook for Writers

- 1Writing to Think and Writing to Learn
  - 1.1Which Comes First? A Chicken-or-the-Egg Question
  - 1.2Examining the Status Quo
  - 1.3Posing Productive Questions
  - 1.4Slowing Down Your Thinking
  - 1.5Withholding Judgment
- 2Thinking through the Disciplines
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  - 2.1Exploring Academic Disciplines
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  - 2.2Seeing and Making Connections across Disciplines
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  - 2.3Articulating Multiple Sides of an Issue
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- 3Joining the Conversation
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  - 3.1Raising the Stakes by Going Public
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  - 3.2Recognizing the Rhetorical Situation
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  - 3.3Rhetoric and Argumentation
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  - 3.4Developing a Rhetorical Habit of Mind
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- 4Becoming a Critical Reader
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  - 4.1Understanding How Critical Thinking Works
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  - 4.2Reading a Text Carefully and Closely
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  - 4.3Browsing the Gallery of Web-Based Texts
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- 5Managing the Research Process
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  - 5.1Your Research Process
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  - 5.2Organizing Research Plans
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  - 5.3Finding Print, Online, and Field Sources
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  - 5.4Choosing Search Terms
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  - 5.5Conducting Research
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  - 5.6Evaluating Sources
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  - 5.7Taking Notes
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  - 5.8Making Ethical and Effective Choices
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  - 5.9Creating an Annotated Bibliography
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  - 5.10Keeping Track of Information
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- 6Planning
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  - 6.1The Beginning Steps
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  - 6.2Choosing a Topic
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  - 6.3Freewriting and Mapping
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  - 6.4Developing Your Purposes for Writing
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  - 6.5Outlining
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- 7Drafting
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  - 7.1More Involved Than Following a Map or Outline
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  - 7.2Forming a Thesis
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  - 7.3Testing a Thesis
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  - 7.4Supporting a Thesis
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  - 7.5Learning from Your Writing
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  - 7.6Learning from Your Reading
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  - 7.7Generating Further Questions
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  - 7.8Using a Variety of Sentence Formats
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  - 7.9Creating Paragraphs
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- 8Revising
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  - 8.1Reviewing, Editing, Proofreading, and Making an Overview
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  - 8.2Reviewing for Purpose
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  - 8.3Editing and Proofreading
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  - 8.4Making a Final Overview
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- 9Designing
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  - 9.1The Right Look
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  - 9.2General Text Formatting Considerations
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  - 9.3Creating and Finding Visuals
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  - 9.4Incorporating Images, Charts, and Graphs
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- 10Publishing
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  - 10.1The Final Step
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  - 10.2Choosing a Document Design
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  - 10.3Developing Digital Presentations
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  - 10.4Presenting Orally
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- 11Academic Writing
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  - 11.1Writing as a College Student
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  - 11.2Meeting College Writing Expectations
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  - 11.3Using Strategies for Writing College Essays
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  - 11.4Collaborating on Academic Writing Projects
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- 12Professional Writing
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  - 12.1Writing as a Component of Success
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  - 12.2Writing Business Letters
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  - 12.3Writing to Apply for Jobs
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  - 12.4Composing Memos
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  - 12.5E-mail and Online Networking
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- 13Writing on and for the Web
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  - 13.1Writing in the Digital World
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  - 13.2Composing in Web-Based Environments
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  - 13.3Creating Websites
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  - 13.4Collaborating Online
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  - 13.5Creating an E-portfolio
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  - 13.6Using Web Links Effectively
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- 14Public and Personal Writing
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  - 14.1Some Specific Writing Forms
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  - 14.2Writing Newsletters
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  - 14.3Creating Flyers and Brochures
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  - 14.4Developing Ads
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  - 14.5Writing Personal Letters
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- 15Sentence Building
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  - 15.1The Foundation of Most Writing
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  - 15.2Incorporating Core Sentence Components (Avoiding Fragments)
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  - 15.3Choosing Appropriate Verb Tenses
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  - 15.4Making Sure Subjects and Verbs Agree
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  - 15.5Avoiding Misplaced Modifiers, Dangling Modifiers, and Split Infinitives
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  - 15.6Preventing Mixed Constructions
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  - 15.7Connecting Pronouns and Antecedents Clearly
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- 16Sentence Style
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  - 16.1Why Sentence Style Matters
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  - 16.2Using Varied Sentence Lengths and Styles
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  - 16.3Writing in Active Voice and Uses of Passive Voice
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  - 16.4Using Subordination and Coordination
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  - 16.5Using Parallelism
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  - 16.6Avoiding Sexist and Offensive Language
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  - 16.7Managing Mood
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- 17Word Choice
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  - 17.1Everyone’s a Wordsmith
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  - 17.2Controlling Wordiness and Writing Concisely
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  - 17.3Using Appropriate Language
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  - 17.4Choosing Precise Wording
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  - 17.5Using the Dictionary and Thesaurus Effectively
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- 18Punctuation
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  - 18.1A Universal Challenge
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  - 18.2Using Commas Properly
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  - 18.3Avoiding Unnecessary Commas
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  - 18.4Eliminating Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
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  - 18.5Writing with Semicolons and Colons
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  - 18.6Using Apostrophes
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  - 18.7Using Quotation Marks
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  - 18.8Incorporating Dashes and Parentheses
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  - 18.9Choosing Correct End Punctuation
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  - 18.10Knowing When to Use Hyphens
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- 19Mechanics
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  - 19.1General Mechanics Overview
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  - 19.2Mastering Commonly Misspelled Words
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  - 19.3Using Capital Letters
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  - 19.4Abbreviating Words and Using Acronyms
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  - 19.5Inserting Numbers into Text
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  - 19.6Marking Words with Italics
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- 20Grammar
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  - 20.1Rules of English
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  - 20.2Making Sure Subject and Verbs Agree
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  - 20.3Avoiding General Verb Problems
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  - 20.4Choosing the Correct Pronoun and Noun Cases
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  - 20.5Making Pronouns and Antecedents Agree
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  - 20.6Using Relative Pronouns and Clauses
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  - 20.7Using Adverbs and Adjectives
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- AAppendix A: Writing for Nonnative English Speakers
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  - A.1Multilingual Writers
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  - A.2Parts of Speech
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  - A.3English Word Order
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  - A.4Count and Noncount Nouns
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  - A.5Articles
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  - A.6Singulars and Plurals
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  - A.7Verb Tenses
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  - A.8Correct Verbs
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  - A.9Modal Auxiliary Verbs
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  - A.10Gerunds and Infinitives
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  - A.11Forming Participles
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  - A.12Adverbs and Adjectives
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  - A.13Irregular Adjectives
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  - A.14Indefinite Adjectives
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  - A.15Predicate Adjectives
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  - A.16Clauses and Phrases
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  - A.17Relative Pronouns and Clauses
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  - A.18Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases
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  - A.19Omitted Words
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  - A.20Not and Other Negative Words
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  - A.21Idioms
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  - A.22Spelling Tips
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  - A.23American Writing Styles, Argument, and Structure
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- BAppendix B: A Guide to Research and Documentation
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  - B.1Research Documentation Guidelines
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  - B.2Choosing a Documentation Format
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  - B.3Integrating Sources
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  - B.4Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
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  - B.5Formatting In-Text References
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  - B.6Developing a List of Sources
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  - B.7Using Other Formats
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- CAppendix C: Sample Student Essays
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  - C.1Informative Essay
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  - C.2Causal Analysis Essay
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  - C.3Comparative/Contrast Essay
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  - C.4Persuasive Essay
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