Introductory Chemistry | David W. Ball

- 1What Is Chemistry?
  - 1.1Some Basic Definitions
  - 1.2Chemistry as a Science
- 2Measurements
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  - 2.1Expressing Numbers
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  - 2.2Expressing Units
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  - 2.3Significant Figures
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  - 2.4Converting Units
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  - 2.5Other Units: Temperature and Density
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  - 2.6End-of-Chapter Material
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- 3Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
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  - 3.1Atomic Theory
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  - 3.2Molecules and Chemical Nomenclature
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  - 3.3Masses of Atoms and Molecules
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  - 3.4Ions and Ionic Compounds
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  - 3.5Acids
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  - 3.6End-of-Chapter Material
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- 4Chemical Reactions and Equations
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  - 4.1The Chemical Equation
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  - 4.2Types of Chemical Reactions: Single- and Double-Displacement Reactions
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  - 4.3Ionic Equations: A Closer Look
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  - 4.4Composition, Decomposition, and Combustion Reactions
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  - 4.5Neutralization Reactions
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  - 4.6Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
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  - 4.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- 5Stoichiometry and the Mole
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  - 5.1Stoichiometry
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  - 5.2The Mole
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  - 5.3The Mole in Chemical Reactions
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  - 5.4Mole-Mass and Mass-Mass Calculations
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  - 5.5Yields
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  - 5.6Limiting Reagents
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  - 5.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- 6Gases
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  - 6.1Kinetic Theory of Gases
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  - 6.2Pressure
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  - 6.3Gas Laws
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  - 6.4Other Gas Laws
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  - 6.5The Ideal Gas Law and Some Applications
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  - 6.6Gas Mixtures
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  - 6.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- 7Energy and Chemistry
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  - 7.1Energy
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  - 7.2Work and Heat
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  - 7.3Enthalpy and Chemical Reactions
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  - 7.4Stoichiometry Calculations Using Enthalpy
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  - 7.5Hess’s Law
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  - 7.6Formation Reactions
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  - 7.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- 8Electronic Structure
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  - 8.1Light
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  - 8.2Quantum Numbers for Electrons
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  - 8.3Organization of Electrons in Atoms
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  - 8.4Electronic Structure and the Periodic Table
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  - 8.5Periodic Trends
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  - 8.6End-of-Chapter Material
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- 9Chemical Bonds
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  - 9.1Lewis Electron Dot Diagrams
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  - 9.2Electron Transfer: Ionic Bonds
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  - 9.3Covalent Bonds
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  - 9.4Other Aspects of Covalent Bonds
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  - 9.5Violations of the Octet Rule
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  - 9.6Molecular Shapes
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  - 9.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- 10Solids and Liquids
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  - 10.1Intermolecular Forces
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  - 10.2Phase Transitions: Melting, Boiling, and Subliming
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  - 10.3Properties of Liquids
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  - 10.4Solids
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  - 10.5End-of-Chapter Material
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- 11Solutions
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  - 11.1Some Definitions
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  - 11.2Quantitative Units of Concentration
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  - 11.3Dilutions and Concentrations
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  - 11.4Concentrations as Conversion Factors
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  - 11.5Colligative Properties of Solutions
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  - 11.6Colligative Properties of Ionic Solutes
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  - 11.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- 12Acids and Bases
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  - 12.1Arrhenius Acids and Bases
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  - 12.2Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
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  - 12.3Acid-Base Titrations
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  - 12.4Strong vs. Weak Acids and Bases and Their Salts
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  - 12.5Autoionization of Water
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  - 12.6The pH Scale
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  - 12.7Buffers
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  - 12.8End-of-Chapter Material
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- 13Chemical Equilibrium
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  - 13.1Chemical Equilibrium
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  - 13.2The Equilibrium Constant
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  - 13.3Shifting Equilibria: Le Chatelier’s Principle
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  - 13.4Calculating Equilibrium Constant Values
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  - 13.5Some Special Types of Equilibria
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  - 13.6End-of-Chapter Material
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- 14Oxidation and Reduction
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  - 14.1Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
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  - 14.2Balancing Redox Reactions
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  - 14.3Applications of Redox Reactions: Voltaic Cells
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  - 14.4Electrolysis
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  - 14.5End-of-Chapter Material
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- 15Nuclear Chemistry
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  - 15.1Radioactivity
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  - 15.2Half-Life
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  - 15.3Units of Radioactivity
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  - 15.4Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
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  - 15.5Nuclear Energy
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  - 15.6End-of-Chapter Material
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- 16Organic Chemistry
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  - 16.1Hydrocarbons
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  - 16.2Branched Hydrocarbons
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  - 16.3Alkyl Halides and Alcohols
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  - 16.4Other Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups
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  - 16.5Other Functional Groups
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  - 16.6Polymers
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  - 16.7End-of-Chapter Material
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- AAppendix: Periodic Table of the Elements
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